ABSTRACT
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated promising serologic responses in PLWH receiving a third dose of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. However, real-world clinical effectiveness, especially during the pandemic caused by B.1.1.529 variant, remains less investigated. Method(s): PLWH seeking HIV care at our hospital from 2021/6 to 2022/6 were included and advised to receive the third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Individuals were excluded from this study if they had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Different types of COVID-19 vaccines were available in the vaccination program, including BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 (either 50 or 100 mug), MVC-COV1901 and NVX-CoV2373 vaccines. PLWH were screening for the occurrence of COVID-19 through the reporting system of notifiable diseases of Taiwan CDC, and were tested for anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) IgG every 1 to 3 months. Participants were followed for 180 days until the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination, occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, seroconversion of anti-N IgG, death, or loss to follow-up, whichever occurred first. Result(s): 1,496 PLWH were included: 631 (42.2%) receiving 100 mug mRNA-1273 vaccine, 468 (31.3%) 50 mug mRNA-1273 vaccine, and 328 (21.9%) BNT162b2 vaccine, 65 (4.3%) MVC-COV1901 vaccine, and 4 (0.3%) NVX-CoV2373 vaccine for the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. 297 (19.9%) PLWH were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the follow-up period, including 92 (14.6%) who received 100 mug mRNA-1273, 111 (23.7%) 50 mug mRNA-1273, 79 (24.1%) BNT162b2 and 15 (21.7%) either MVC-COV1901 or NVX-CoV2373;in addition, 98 PLWH had seroconversion of anti-N IgG during follow-up, including 23, 50, 19 and 6 PLWH who received 100 mug mRNA-1273, 50 mug mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and either MVC-COV1901 or NVX-CoV2373, respectively. Similar rates of new infection with SARS-CoV-2 or seroconversion of anti-N IgG were demonstrated regardless the vaccine type of the third dose (log-rank test, p=0.46). Factors associated with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion of anti-N IgG included an age >50 years (aOR, 0.67;95% CI, 0.49-0.91) and newly infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (aOR, 1.41;95% CI, 1.09-1.83). Conclusion(s): Our study demonstrated that clinical effectiveness of the third dose of different vaccines available to PLWH was similar in preventing SARSCoV- 2 infection or seroconversion of anti-N IgG Taiwan. PLWH aged less than 50 years and those with newly diagnosed HCV infection were at higher risk of acquiring COVID-19. Kaplan-Meier survival curve for acquiring COVID-19 or seroconversion of anti-N IgG in PLWH receiving different COVID-19 vaccination of the third dose (log-rank test, 4 groups, p = 0.46).
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious damage to the health, life and, economic stability of human beings all over the world. In order to combat this disease, researchers from all over the world, including computer scientists, are beginning to engage in cross-regional cooperation to conduct research on SARS-CoV-2. One of the latest reports pointed out that the sequence deletion of the specific region of the SARS-CoV-2 genomic is related to its viral infectivity. In addition, the sequence deletion of this specific region is also found in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Through next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the sequence data of biological genomes can be quickly obtained, but the number of short reads generated by NGS is often as high as one million big data. It is a challenge to detect the information necessary to provide the exact sequence deletion breakpoint from these NGS data, especially in the sequence data of highly variable viral genomes. In our previous research, we proposed VirDelect, a bioinformatics tool that can detect exact breakpoints in Viral NGS data. In this paper, a new method, One-base Alignment Plus (OAP), is proposed to enhance further the core VirDelect algorithm, in order to improve the sequence deletion detection correctness. We use the simulated data of SARS-CoV-2 and HBV with different deletion lengths and the real data of HBV to conduct experiments and evaluate the correctness. The experimental results showed that VirDelect+OAP was able to find deletions that VirDelect could not find in the simulation data, and in the real data, the correctness of VirDelect+OPA was raised effectively. © 2020 IEEE.